How Is Resorption (Root Resorption) Treated?

Root resorption is the destruction and absorption of dental tissues—such as the hard tissues on the root surface or sometimes the pulp—by the body’s own cells. This condition can cause deterioration of the supporting structures of the tooth and eventually lead to tooth loss. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent potential tooth loss.

What Is Resorption (Dental Root Resorption)?

Resorption is a process in which the root of the tooth is broken down and absorbed by the body. It occurs due to various reasons and gradually results in the loss of tooth structure. This complex process can significantly affect the function and stability of the tooth. If left untreated, it may lead to tooth loss. Therefore, early diagnosis is critically important for saving the tooth.

Root Resorption in Children

In children, this is a normal and physiological process. During tooth transition, the roots of baby teeth are resorbed by the permanent teeth coming in underneath. The baby tooth loosens and falls out naturally. Thus, no intervention is needed. However, root resorption in permanent teeth may occur due to factors such as trauma or orthodontic treatment and requires careful evaluation. If root resorption is suspected in a child, consultation with a pediatric dentist is recommended.

Types of Root Resorption

Root resorption is divided into two main types: internal and external. Internal resorption begins within the root canal, usually as a result of trauma or inflammation. In external resorption, the breakdown occurs on the external root surface and surrounding bone.

External Resorption: The most common form of resorption, starting on the outer surface of the tooth root. It is initiated by the cells in the surrounding bone or periodontal ligament.

Internal Resorption: This type begins in the dentin walls of the pulp chamber or root canal. Specialized cells in the pulp begin to break down the dentin due to chronic inflammation of the pulp tissue.

What Causes Root Resorption?

Trauma, inflammation, orthodontic forces, and tumors are among the causes. Chronic infections and some systemic diseases can also lead to this condition.

Common causes of root resorption include:

• Dental trauma (impact or blow)
• Chronic pulpal or periodontal infection
• Prolonged use of orthodontic force
• Pressure from cysts or tumors
• Systemic diseases (e.g., hormonal or metabolic disorders)
• Genetic predisposition
• Impacted teeth

Symptoms of Root Resorption

It is usually painless but may present with sensitivity, discoloration, or radiographic findings. Definitive diagnosis requires X-ray or CBCT imaging.

Symptoms of root resorption include:

• Brown discoloration or visual change in the tooth
• Mild sensitivity or tenderness to pressure
• Tooth mobility
• Radiographic evidence of root loss or voids
• Gum recession or swelling
• Shortened appearance of the tooth
• Increased looseness of the tooth

How Is Root Resorption Treated?

Treatment is planned based on the type of resorption and may include root canal therapy, surgery, or extraction. In early stages, root canal treatment may be sufficient. In advanced cases, surgical resection or tooth extraction may be necessary.

Main treatment approaches:

• Eliminating the cause: Identifying and removing the underlying factor is the first and most important step.
• Root canal therapy: This is the primary treatment for internal resorption. Inflamed or infected pulp is cleaned, disinfected, and filled with special materials.
• Surgical intervention: The gums are lifted to access the resorption site, the affected tissue is removed, and if needed, the area is repaired with restorative materials.
• Tooth extraction: When resorption is too advanced, and the tooth cannot be saved or previous treatments fail, extraction may be the last resort.
• Regular follow-up: In mild or early-stage resorption, regular X-rays and clinical exams are essential to monitor progression.