- Fixed prostheses permanently replace missing teeth for function and aesthetics.
- Types include crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays-onlays, and implant-supported options.
- Treatment involves detailed planning, impressions, and lab fabrication.
- They’re durable and natural-looking but require careful maintenance.
- Regular cleaning and check-ups ensure long-term comfort and longevity.
Fixed dental prostheses are artificial structures permanently placed to replace lost teeth. These prostheses aim to restore both aesthetics and chewing function and can be applied in various types such as crowns, bridges, inlays-onlays, laminate veneers, and implant-supported prostheses. Planned according to the tooth and jaw structure, fixed prostheses are prepared by expert dentists through specific stages and offer long-lasting use.
What Is a Fixed Prosthesis?
A fixed prosthesis is an artificial dental solution permanently placed in the patient’s mouth to replace missing teeth. It is used to restore both the aesthetic appearance and chewing function for individuals who have lost teeth. Unlike removable dentures, fixed prostheses cannot be taken out and are specially cemented to a tooth or implant by the dentist. Today, there are many types of fixed prostheses, including crowns, bridges, and implant-supported prostheses. They are frequently preferred due to their natural tooth-like appearance and long-lasting durability.
What Are the Types of Fixed Dental Prostheses?
There are many types of fixed dental prostheses. The choice depends on the patient’s oral structure, the location of the missing teeth, and overall oral health. The most commonly used types of fixed prostheses include crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays, laminate veneers, and implant-supported prostheses.
Crown
A crown is a type of prosthesis placed as a cap over a severely damaged tooth that is at risk of breaking. It preserves the natural structure of the tooth while increasing its strength. Crowns are often preferred after root canal treatment. Due to their appearance closely resembling natural teeth, they are a commonly chosen solution.
Bridge
A dental bridge is a fixed prosthesis used to replace one or more missing teeth by anchoring onto adjacent healthy teeth. The missing teeth are restored by taking support from neighboring teeth. This treatment provides quick results, but bridge teeth require careful and sensitive maintenance.
Inlay and Onlay Fillings
Inlays and onlays are lab-fabricated, tooth-specific restorations used to repair decayed or fractured teeth. They can serve as alternatives to crowns. In this method, impressions are taken from the patient, and after the restorations are custom-made, they are bonded to the tooth using special adhesives.
Laminate Veneer
Laminate veneers, often used for aesthetic purposes, are typically applied to the front teeth. They consist of thin porcelain layers that are bonded to the front surface of natural teeth. This type of prosthesis treats both shape irregularities and discolorations, providing the patient with an aesthetic and bright smile.
Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis
These prostheses are fixed onto implants that are placed directly into the jawbone instead of natural tooth roots. They are used in various cases, ranging from single tooth loss to full-mouth tooth replacement. Implant-supported fixed prostheses are among the most durable, long-lasting, and natural-looking types of fixed dental prostheses.
Who Is a Candidate for Fixed Dental Prosthesis?
Fixed dental prostheses are generally applied to individuals who have lost one or more teeth and wish to restore aesthetic or functional losses in their oral health. If the adjacent teeth next to the missing tooth are healthy, a bridge may be applied. However, fixed prosthesis treatment may not be suitable for every patient. Certain criteria must be met to be eligible for fixed dental prosthesis.
Candidates suitable for fixed prostheses include:
- Individuals with missing teeth
- Those with healthy teeth and gums
- Patients with adequate jawbone structure
- Those with aesthetic and functional needs
- Candidates evaluated and approved by a dentist
How Is a Fixed Dental Prosthesis Made?
The stages of making a fixed dental prosthesis may vary depending on the patient’s dental and oral health. The treatment plan is prepared based on the condition of the patient’s teeth, the number of missing teeth, and the structure of the jawbone. Each stage is planned to meet the patient’s aesthetic and functional needs.
The manufacturing stages of a fixed dental prosthesis are as follows:
- Examination and X-rays
- Tooth preparation
- Taking impressions
- Making a temporary prosthesis
- Laboratory fabrication
- Fixed prosthesis application
- Final checks and adjustments
Examination and X-rays
First, the dentist evaluates the patient’s overall oral health. Then, X-rays are taken to assess the condition of the teeth. Based on this information, a treatment plan is created.
Tooth Preparation
The tooth or teeth to receive the fixed prosthesis are prepared for the procedure. If a bridge is planned, the adjacent teeth need to be shaped. For implants, the process begins after assessing the suitability of the jawbone. The shape and size of the teeth are adjusted to fit the prosthesis.
Taking Impressions
At this stage, the dentist takes impressions from the patient. It is crucial that these impressions fit perfectly in the patient’s mouth to ensure the prosthesis is accurately placed. Special impression trays are used to determine the exact positions of the teeth.
Making a Temporary Prosthesis
After the impressions are taken, a temporary prosthesis may be made for the patient. This temporary prosthesis ensures the patient’s comfort until the final prosthesis is completed.
Laboratory Fabrication
The impressions are sent to the laboratory, where specialists prepare the fixed dental prosthesis according to the measurements. Since the prosthesis is designed to match the shape and color of the patient’s natural teeth, this process may take several days.
Fixed Prosthesis Application
Once the prosthesis is ready, it is placed in the patient’s mouth. After confirming that it fits properly and looks natural, the fixed prosthesis is permanently cemented onto the teeth or implants.
Final Checks and Adjustments
After placement, the dentist checks whether the patient experiences any discomfort while using the prosthesis. Minor adjustments are made if necessary. It may take a few days for the patient to get used to their new teeth.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fixed Dental Prostheses
While fixed dental prostheses offer many aesthetic and functional advantages, they may also have some disadvantages. It is important for individuals considering prosthesis treatment to be aware of these pros and cons before making a decision.
Advantages of Fixed Dental Prosthesis | Disadvantages of Fixed Dental Prosthesis |
Provides a natural appearance | Requires tooth preparation before application |
Durable and long-lasting | May not be suitable for advanced gum and bone problems |
Comfortable to use | Can be costly |
Improves speech and chewing functions | Being fixed, removal requires dentist intervention |
Maintains oral health | Risk of tooth decay (if the fixed prosthesis is not properly fitted) |
Care and Cleaning of Fixed Prostheses
Regular oral care is essential for the long-lasting use of fixed prostheses. Although they look like natural teeth, plaque and bacteria that accumulate around the prosthesis can lead to dental and gum diseases. Therefore, individuals with fixed prostheses need to pay extra attention to their oral hygiene.
Important points in caring for fixed prostheses include:
- Brushing teeth at least twice a day
- Cleaning between teeth (interdental cleaning)
- Using mouthwash
- Getting professional dental cleanings
- Attending regular dental check-ups
FAQ About Fixed Dental Prostheses
How is a fixed dental prosthesis placed?
Fixed prostheses are cemented onto natural teeth or implants using special adhesives. The procedure is entirely performed by the dentist, and patients cannot remove them on their own.
How is a fixed dental prosthesis removed?
If removal is necessary, it can only be done by a dentist using specialized instruments. Attempting to remove it yourself may damage the gums and the prosthesis.
How long does the fixed prosthesis procedure take?
This process usually completes within 2 to 4 sessions and may take approximately 1 to 3 weeks.
Do fixed prostheses cause pain?
Mild sensitivity or pressure during the first few days after placement is normal. However, if pain persists, consult your dentist.
What is the lifespan of a fixed dental prosthesis?
With proper care, fixed prostheses can last between 10 to 15 years. The duration depends largely on how regularly the patient maintains oral hygiene.
What should I be careful about when eating with a fixed prosthesis?
Soft foods are recommended during the first days. Avoid hard and crunchy foods and maintain good oral hygiene after meals.
Fixed prosthesis or removable denture?
Fixed and removable prostheses are two different treatment methods for missing teeth. Which one is more suitable depends on the individual’s oral structure, dental and jaw health, aesthetic expectations, and budget.
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